نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی - کاربردی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده مهندسی صنایع و مکانیک، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، قزوین، ایران.

2 دانشکده مهندسی صنایع و سیستم ها، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.

3 گروه مهندسی صنایع، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی ، گلپایگان، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: برداشت سفارش، یکی از فرایندهای درونی لجستیکی مبتنی بر نیروی کار و هزینه شناخته‌شده است. برداشت سفارش در قالب مسئله پاسخ به سفارش مشتری، به‌منظور جمع‌آوری مجموعه‌ای از سفارش‌ها در کوتاه‌ترین زمان ممکن در انبار تعریف می‌گردد. لذا هدف این تحقیق فراهم نمودن یک مبنای علمی و هم‌زمان کاربردی با در نظر گرفتن الزامات و محدودیت‌هایی است که سطح قابل قبولی از عملکرد را در سیستم‌های برداشت سفارش به ارمغان آورد. این امر از طریق ساخت یک مدل برنامه‌ریزی عدد صحیح و هم‌چنین طراحی روش حل متناسب با ساختار مسئله صورت می‌گیرد.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: ابتدا با مرور ادبیات در حوزه برداشت سفارش دانش کافی در سطح عملیاتی حاصل‌شده است و با تأکید بر محدودیت‌های واقعی اقدام به مدل‌سازی ریاضی از طریق یکپارچه نمودن دسته‌بندی سفارش‌ها و مسیریابی برداشت کننده‌ها، شده است. پس از بررسی صحت مدل و حل آن از طریق نرم‌افزار GAMS، به دلیل ماهیت مسئله که از نوع سخت است، مسئله از طریق یک الگوریتم کارا که نسخه گروه‌بندی الگوریتم قهرمانی در لیگ‌های ورزشی است، حل‌شده و مقایسات صورت پذیرفته است. برای استفاده از این الگوریتم از اپراتورهای منطبق با ساختار خاص مسئله که هدف آن تخصیص سفارش‌ها (اقلام) به برداشت کننده‌ها ‌(گروه‌ها) است استفاده می‌شود.
یافته ها: ارائه یک مدل برنامه‌ریزی عدد صحیح چند دوره‌ای برای مسیریابی چند سفره برداشت کنندگان با فرض وجود قابلیت باز پر سازی انبار و دسترسی محدود به برداشت کنندگان. برای نمونه مسائل با ابعاد بزرگ، از الگوریتم قهرمانی در لیگ‌های ورزشی استفاده‌شده است. نتایج بر قابلیت مؤثر و کارایی این الگوریتم برای حل نمونه مسائل بزرگ اشاره دارد.
اصالت/ارزش‌افزوده علمی: مسئله برداشت سفارش چند دوره‌ای و مسیریابی چند سفره برداشت کنندگان نخستین بار در این مقاله مدنظر قرارگرفته است. زیرابه علت محدود بودن تعداد برداشت کنندگان، این مهم می‌بایست در مدل‌سازی مدنظر قرار گیرد. فرض بازپرسازی نیز نخستین بار در این مقاله موردتوجه قرارگرفته و مدل‌سازی آن صورت گرفته است. بدین ترتیب سفارش‌ها در طول زمان، طی دوره‌های مختلف وارد انبار می‌شوند و در موقعیت از پیش تعیین‌شده قرار می‌گیرند. وجود بازه زمانی برای دسترسی به برداشت کننده‌ها‌ در هر دوره و مدل‌سازی آن نیز نخستین بار در این مقاله موردبررسی قرارگرفته است. درنهایت، تابع هدف حداقل سازی مجموع دیرکرد است که هم‌راستا با نیاز صنایع تولیدی است. در خصوص روش حل نیز یک الگوریتم قهرمانی در لیگ‌های ورزشی با در نظر گرفتن ساختار مسئله (که منطبق بر ساختار مسائل گروه‌بندی است) ارائه‌شده است و عملگرهای تولید جواب نیز برای حفظ شدنی بودن جواب، توسعه ‌یافته‌اند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Optimization of a multi-period order picking and multi-trip order-picker routing to minimize total tardiness

نویسندگان [English]

  • Morteza Farhadi Sartangi 1
  • Ali Husseinzadeh Kashan 2
  • Hassan Haleh 3
  • Abolfazl Kazemi 1

1 Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial and Mechanical Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.

2 Faculty of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

3 Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Golpayegan, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Purpose: Order picking operation is one of the most well-known labor and cost intensive internal logistics processes. Withdrawal of the order in response to customer need is defined in order to collect a set of orders from storage zone in the shortest possible time. The purpose of this research is to provide a scientific and practical basis considering the constraints that enforce to achieve an acceptable level of performance in order picking systems. This is done by building a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation and developing an adapted solution method suited to the structure of the problem
Methodology: First, by reviewing the literature in the field of order picking systems, sufficient knowledge has been obtained at the operational level, and with emphasis on warehouse management constraints, a MILP formulation is proposed by integrating order batching and picker routing. After validating the model and solving it through GAMS software, due to the nature of the problem, which is an NP-hard type, the problem is solved with an efficient algorithm, which is a grouping version of the league championship algorithm, and the results are compared. To develop the algorithm, operators are fit to the specific structure of the problem, i.e., the assignment of orders (items) to order pickers (groups)
Findings: Developing a multi-period MILP formulation for multi-trip picker routing, assuming for the first time the possibility of product replenishment and limited access to pickers. For large-scale problem instances, the league championship algorithm is used. The results indicate the effective capability and efficiency of this algorithm for solving large test problem instances.
Originality/Value: The issue of multi-period order picking and multi-trip routing of pickers is considered for the first time ‎in this paper. Because of the limited number of pickers, this must be taken into account in modeling. ‎The assumption of product replenishment is also considered for the first time in this article and its ‎modeling has been done. In this way, orders enter the warehouse over time, during different periods, ‎and are placed in a predetermined positions. The limited access to pickers in each period is also ‎discussed for the first time in this paper. Finally, the objective function of minimizing the total ‎tardiness, which is in line with the needs of the industry, is also introduced in this paper. Regarding the ‎solution method, a league championship metaheuristic algorithm is presented which takes into ‎account the problem structure (which corresponds to the structure of grouping problems) and ‎solution generation operators have been developed to maintain the new solution.‎

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Order batching
  • Picker routing
  • Multi-period
  • Multi-trip routing
  • League championship algorithm
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