نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه ریاضی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

هدف: در معماری اسلامی استفاده از چفدها برای ساخت بناهای گنبدی شکل بسیار مرسوم بوده است. به‌طوری‌که تحقیق در زمینه نحوه‌ ساخت گنبد زیارتگاه‌ها و مساجد بدون شک به مطالعه‌ چفد مولد آن بنا هدایت می‌شود. در این مقاله قصد داریم گنبدها را از منظر هندسه دیفرانسیل و به‌عنوان رویه دوار بررسی و مدل‌سازی هندسی کنیم. درواقع تلاش می‌­شود پیوند علمی بین هنر معماری و هندسه دیفرانسیل را به طریقی که برای صاحب‌­نظران در هر دو گرایش معماری و ریاضی موردتوجه باشد، مطرح نماییم.
روش‌شناسی پژوهش: در معماری، گنبد محصول دوران یک چفد مولد حول محور عمودی است. این تعبیر معادل تعریف رویه دوار (منحنی مولد) در مبحث هندسه دیفرانسیل است. به روش‌­های ویژه‌ای می‌توان منحنی مولد (ضابطه چفد) را به‌دست آورد. در ابتدا با‌توجه‌ به نحوه‌ ترسیم، نیمی از چفد را در صفحه‌ اقلیدسی xoz برحسب طول دهانه‌ گنبد پارامتری می‌کنیم و سپس منحنی حاصل (همان منحنی مولد) را حول محور عمودی z دوران می‌دهیم. روش انجام این پژوهش به‌صورت کمی و شامل محاسبات مربوط به انواع گنبدها بوده و نوع آن را می‌توان پژوهشی توصیفی دانست.
یافته‌ها: ما میان ریاضیات حاکم بر ساختمان‌های گنبدی شکل چفد مولد ارتباط معناداری پیدا کردیم.
اصالت/ارزش افزوده علمی: با‌توجه‌ به تعدد انواع چفدها در معماری، در این مقاله بعد از بیان برخی تعاریف لازم از هندسه دیفرانسیل، علاوه بر ارایه‌ روش ترسیم هر چفد، تنها محاسبات مربوط به انواع چفدهای پا‌تو‌پا، شاخ‌بزی، پنج ‌اوهفت و شبدری را خواهیم آورد. در انتها به پیاده‌سازی محاسبات خود روی گنبد مسجد جمعه اردبیل خواهیم پرداخت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A new approach to the geometric modeling of Iranian domes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Dehghan Nezhad
  • Nasim Daryani

Department of Mathamatics, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.

چکیده [English]

Purpose: In Islamic architecture, using arches to build dome-shaped buildings has been very common. So, the research on building the domes of shrines and mosques is undoubtedly directed at studying the arches of those buildings. In this article, we will investigate and geometrically model the domes from the perspective of differential geometry and as a rotating surface. We try to present the scientific connection between the art of architecture and differential geometry in a way that interests experts in both architectural and mathematical trends.
Methodology: In architecture, the dome is the product of a productive cycle around the vertical axis. This interpretation is equivalent to the definition of the rotating procedure (generating curve) in the subject of differential geometry. Special methods can obtain the generator curve. At first, according to the drawing method, we parametrize half of the arch in the Euclidean xoz plane according to the length of the dome opening and then rotate the resulting curve (or the generating curve) around the vertical z-axis. The method of conducting this research is quantitative and includes calculations related to the types of domes, and its type can be considered descriptive research.
Findings: We found a significant link between the mathematics that governs domed buildings and the productive arch.
Originality/Value: Considering the multitude of types of arches in architecture, in this article, after stating some necessary definitions of differential geometry, in addition to presenting the method of drawing each arch, we will only bring the calculations related to the types of arches with legs, horned goats, five-o-seven and shamrocks. Ultimately, we will implement our calculations on the dome of Juma Mosque in Ardabil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Arch
  • Dome
  • Surface of revolution
  • Generating curve
  • Differential geometry
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